Lightning Security Module (Remote Signer)

Set up an lnd remote signer container that holds private keys on a separate,

secured machine. The signer never routes payments or opens channels — it only

holds keys and signs when asked by a watch-only litd node.

Architecture

Agent Machine                     Signer Machine (secure)
┌─────────────────┐              ┌─────────────────────┐
│  litd (watch-only)│◄──gRPC───►│  lnd (signer)        │
│  - neutrino      │             │  - holds seed         │
│  - manages chans │             │  - signs commitments  │
│  - routes pmts   │             │  - signs on-chain txs │
│  - NO key material│            │  - no p2p networking   │
└─────────────────┘              └─────────────────────┘

The watch-only node handles all networking and channel management. The signer

node holds the seed and performs cryptographic signing. Even if the agent machine

is fully compromised, the attacker cannot extract private keys.

See references/architecture.md for the full

architecture explainer.

Quick Start (Container — Recommended)

On the Signer Machine

# 1. Install lnd signer image
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/install.sh

# 2. Start signer container
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/start-signer.sh

# 3. Set up signer wallet and export credentials
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/setup-signer.sh

# 4. Copy the credentials bundle to the agent machine
#    The setup script prints the bundle path and base64 string.

On the Agent Machine

# 5. Import credentials bundle
skills/lnd/scripts/import-credentials.sh --bundle <credentials-bundle>

# 6. Start litd in watch-only mode
skills/lnd/scripts/start-lnd.sh --watchonly

# 7. Create watch-only wallet
skills/lnd/scripts/create-wallet.sh

# 8. Check status
skills/lnd/scripts/lncli.sh getinfo

Two-Container Local Setup

For testing both on the same machine:

# Start litd + signer together
skills/lnd/scripts/start-lnd.sh --watchonly

# Set up signer wallet
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/setup-signer.sh --container litd-signer

# Import credentials and create watch-only wallet
skills/lnd/scripts/import-credentials.sh --bundle ~/.lnget/signer/credentials-bundle
skills/lnd/scripts/create-wallet.sh --container litd

Installation

Default: pulls the lnd Docker image for the signer.

skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/install.sh

This pulls lightninglabs/lnd:v0.20.0-beta from Docker Hub. The signer only

needs plain lnd (not litd) since it only holds keys and signs.

Build from Source (Fallback)

skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/install.sh --source

Native Mode

For running the signer without Docker:

# Set up signer natively
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/setup-signer.sh --native

# Start signer natively
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/start-signer.sh --native

# Stop signer natively
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/stop-signer.sh --native

Remote Nodes

Export credentials from a remote signer:

skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/export-credentials.sh \
    --rpcserver signer-host:10012 \
    --tlscertpath ~/signer-tls.cert \
    --macaroonpath ~/signer-admin.macaroon

Credential Bundle Format

The exported bundle (~/.lnget/signer/credentials-bundle/) contains:

The bundle is also available as a single base64-encoded tar.gz file

(credentials-bundle.tar.gz.b64) for easy copy-paste transfer between machines.

Scripts

Managing the Signer

Start

# Docker (default)
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/start-signer.sh

# With network override
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/start-signer.sh --network mainnet

Stop

# Docker stop (preserve data)
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/stop-signer.sh

# Docker stop + remove volumes
skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/stop-signer.sh --clean

Re-export Credentials

If TLS certificates or macaroons have been regenerated:

skills/lightning-security-module/scripts/export-credentials.sh

Configuration

Container Config

The signer compose template is at

skills/lightning-security-module/templates/docker-compose-signer.yml. Config

is passed via command-line arguments.

Native Config

The native signer config template is at

skills/lightning-security-module/templates/signer-lnd.conf.template. Key

differences from a standard lnd node:

• No P2P listening (--listen=) — signer doesn't route
• RPC on 0.0.0.0:10012 — accepts connections from watch-only node
• REST on localhost:10013 — local only, for wallet creation
• TLS extra IP 0.0.0.0 — watch-only on a different machine can connect
• No autopilot, no routing fees — signer is signing-only

Security Model

What stays on the signer:

• 24-word seed mnemonic
• All private keys (funding, revocation, HTLC)
• Wallet database with key material

What gets exported:

• Account xpubs (public keys only — cannot spend)
• TLS certificate (for authenticated connection)
• Admin macaroon (for RPC auth — scope down for production)

Threat model:

• Compromised agent machine cannot sign transactions or extract keys
• Attacker with agent access can see balances and channel state but not spend
• Signer machine should have minimal attack surface

Production hardening:

• Replace admin macaroon with a signer-only macaroon (see macaroon-bakery)
• Restrict signer RPC to specific IP addresses via firewall
• Run signer on dedicated hardware or a hardened VM
• Use Lightning Node Connect (LNC) via lightning-mcp-server for read-only agent access

Macaroon Bakery for Signer

For production, bake a signing-only macaroon:

skills/macaroon-bakery/scripts/bake.sh --role signer-only \
    --container litd-signer --rpc-port 10012

Then re-export the credentials bundle with the scoped macaroon.

Container & Ports

File Locations