Monitor overdue invoices across Xero and QuickBooks, send automated chase sequences
via email and WhatsApp, escalate major accounts, generate aged debtor reports, and
stop chasing the moment payment is received.
UK-focused: Late Payment of Commercial Debts Act 1998 awareness built in. Statutory
interest calculation included. All correspondence in UK English.
Not limited to product sellers — works for any UK business that invoices clients:
freelancers, agencies, consultants, tradespeople, and service businesses.
Chasing:
Reports:
Individual invoice:
Configuration:
Check memory for the following before running any workflow.
If missing, ask the user once and store under invoice_config.
ACCOUNTING_PLATFORM # xero | quickbooks | both
XERO_CLIENT_ID # From your Xero app — developer.xero.com/app/manage
XERO_CLIENT_SECRET # From your Xero app — keep secret, never expose
XERO_ACCESS_TOKEN # OAuth access token — fetched automatically, auto-refreshed
XERO_REFRESH_TOKEN # OAuth refresh token — stored securely, never shown
XERO_TENANT_ID # Xero organisation ID — fetched automatically after auth
QB_CLIENT_ID # From your QuickBooks app — developer.intuit.com
QB_CLIENT_SECRET # From your QuickBooks app — keep secret, never expose
QB_ACCESS_TOKEN # QuickBooks OAuth access token — auto-refreshed
QB_REFRESH_TOKEN # QuickBooks OAuth refresh token — stored securely
QB_REALM_ID # QuickBooks company ID — fetched automatically after auth
EMAIL_PROVIDER # imap | gmail_oauth
IMAP_HOST # e.g. imap.gmail.com or mail.company.co.uk
IMAP_PORT # Default: 993
IMAP_USERNAME # Your email address
IMAP_PASSWORD # App password
SMTP_HOST # e.g. smtp.gmail.com or mail.company.co.uk
SMTP_PORT # Default: 587
BUSINESS_NAME # Used in email sign-offs
OWNER_NAME # Signatory name on chase emails
FROM_EMAIL # e.g. accounts@mycompany.co.uk
PAYMENT_TERMS_DAYS # Default: 30 (days after invoice date payment is due)
CURRENCY # Default: GBP
CHASE_ENABLED # Default: true — automatically send chase emails on schedule
APPROVAL_REQUIRED # Default: true — owner approves each chase before sending
WHATSAPP_CHASE_THRESHOLD # Default: £500 — chase via WhatsApp for invoices above this
STOP_CHASE_ON_DISPUTE # Default: true — pause chasing if dispute flag is set
LATE_PAYMENT_INTEREST # Default: true — calculate and mention statutory interest
# on invoices overdue 30+ days (Late Payment of Commercial
# Debts Act 1998 — 8% over Bank of England base rate)
PAYMENT_LINK_ENABLED # Default: false — include Stripe payment link in chase emails
STRIPE_PAYMENT_LINK # Your Stripe payment link URL (if PAYMENT_LINK_ENABLED = true)
Never log or repeat access tokens or refresh tokens back to the user.
Both Xero and QuickBooks OAuth tokens expire after 30 minutes (access token) and
60 days (refresh token). The skill automatically refreshes access tokens using the
stored refresh token before each API call. If the refresh token has expired (after
60 days of inactivity), prompt the user to re-authenticate via CONFIG.md.
Use these consistently across all workflows:
| Status | Definition |
|---|---|
| -------- | ----------- |
current | Invoice due date has not yet passed |
overdue_1_7 | 1–7 days overdue — grace period, first chase |
overdue_8_30 | 8–30 days overdue — second chase |
overdue_31_60 | 31–60 days overdue — third chase, statutory interest applies |
overdue_60_plus | 60+ days overdue — final notice, escalate |
disputed | Owner has flagged as disputed — chasing paused |
paid | Payment received — remove from chase queue |
written_off | Owner has written off the debt |
Calculate days_overdue as: today - invoice.DueDate
Always use the DueDate field returned by the API — both Xero and QuickBooks
store this directly on each invoice and it reflects any custom payment terms
(e.g. 14 days, 60 days, end of month) set per invoice or client.
Only fall back to invoice_date + PAYMENT_TERMS_DAYS if DueDate is null or
not returned by the API (rare edge case).
Do NOT override or recalculate DueDate using PAYMENT_TERMS_DAYS — this
would give wrong results for invoices with non-standard terms.
Default sequence — apply unless the owner has customised it:
| Stage | Trigger | Channel | Tone |
|---|---|---|---|
| ------- | --------- | --------- | ------ |
| Stage 1 — Friendly reminder | 1 day overdue | Polite, assumes oversight | |
| Stage 2 — Follow-up | 8 days overdue | Firmer, requests confirmation | |
| Stage 3 — Formal notice | 31 days overdue | Email + WhatsApp* | Formal, mentions statutory interest |
| Stage 4 — Final demand | 61 days overdue | Email + WhatsApp* | Final, mentions debt collection |
*WhatsApp only if invoice value ≥ WHATSAPP_CHASE_THRESHOLD
Owner can customise: "change my chase sequence to 3, 10, 21, 45 days"
Triggered by: "check overdue invoices", "who owes me money", "run the payment chaser",
or via heartbeat if configured.
Refresh access token if needed:
POST https://identity.xero.com/connect/token
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
grant_type=refresh_token
&client_id={XERO_CLIENT_ID}
&client_secret={XERO_CLIENT_SECRET}
&refresh_token={XERO_REFRESH_TOKEN}
Store the new access_token and refresh_token in memory.
Fetch all outstanding invoices:
GET https://api.xero.com/api.xro/2.0/Invoices?where=Status%3D%22AUTHORISED%22%20AND%20Type%3D%22ACCREC%22&order=DueDate%20ASC
Xero-Tenant-Id: {XERO_TENANT_ID}
Authorization: Bearer {XERO_ACCESS_TOKEN}
Accept: application/json
Filter to invoices where AmountDue > 0.
Calculate days_overdue for each.
Assign status from the Invoice Status Definitions table.
Key fields to extract per invoice:
InvoiceID, InvoiceNumber, ReferenceContact.Name, Contact.EmailAddress, Contact.PhonesDate, DueDate, AmountDue, AmountPaid, TotalLineItems (for context in chase emails)CurrencyCodeRefresh QBO access token:
POST https://oauth.platform.intuit.com/oauth2/v1/tokens/bearer
Authorization: Basic {base64(QB_CLIENT_ID:QB_CLIENT_SECRET)}
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token={QB_REFRESH_TOKEN}
Fetch overdue invoices via QuickBooks Query API:
GET https://quickbooks.api.intuit.com/v3/company/{QB_REALM_ID}/query
?query=SELECT%20*%20FROM%20Invoice%20WHERE%20Balance%20%3E%200%20ORDER%20BY%20DueDate%20ASC
Authorization: Bearer {QB_ACCESS_TOKEN}
Accept: application/json
Map QuickBooks fields to consistent internal format:
Id → InvoiceIDDocNumber → InvoiceNumberCustomerRef.name → Contact.NameBillEmail.Address → Contact.EmailAddressDueDate → DueDateBalance → AmountDueTotalAmt → TotalBefore displaying, verify each flagged invoice hasn't been paid since the last check.
For Xero, re-fetch each invoice individually if days_overdue seems inconsistent:
GET https://api.xero.com/api.xro/2.0/Invoices/{InvoiceID}
Remove any invoices where AmountDue = 0 or Status = "PAID" from the chase list.
Update payment_log memory to record the payment with date and amount.
💰 Overdue invoices — 18 Apr 2026
Total outstanding: £8,340.00 across 6 invoices
🔴 Overdue 60+ days (1):
· Apex Design Ltd INV-0089 £2,400.00 74 days ⚠️ Final demand stage
🟠 Overdue 31–60 days (2):
· Blue Wave Agency INV-0094 £1,850.00 38 days 📨 Stage 3 due
· Thornton & Co INV-0091 £750.00 33 days 📨 Stage 3 due
🟡 Overdue 8–30 days (2):
· Metro Retail Group INV-0097 £2,100.00 12 days 📨 Stage 2 due
· Harlow Consulting INV-0098 £640.00 9 days 📨 Stage 2 due
🟢 Overdue 1–7 days (1):
· Patel & Partners INV-0101 £600.00 2 days 📨 Stage 1 due
Reply:
"send all due" — send all chase emails that are due today
"chase [name]" — chase a specific client
"aged report" — full aged debtor breakdown
"stop [name]" — pause chasing a specific client
Store current invoice list under invoice_chase_queue:
{
"last_checked": "{ISO datetime}",
"invoices": [
{
"id": "{InvoiceID}",
"number": "{InvoiceNumber}",
"client": "{Contact.Name}",
"email": "{Contact.EmailAddress}",
"phone": "{Contact.Phone}",
"amount_due": {AmountDue},
"due_date": "{YYYY-MM-DD}",
"days_overdue": {n},
"status": "{status}",
"last_chased": "{ISO date or null}",
"chase_stage": {1|2|3|4},
"disputed": false,
"platform": "xero|quickbooks"
}
]
}
Triggered by: "send all due", "chase invoices", "chase [client name]",
or automatically via heartbeat.
For each invoice in invoice_chase_queue:
disputed = true? → Skip (if STOP_CHASE_ON_DISPUTE = true)paid or written_off? → Skipdays_overdue using the stage thresholdschase_stage in memory already reached the current stage AND last_chasedis within the last 7 days? → Skip (avoid re-chasing within same stage too quickly)
chase_stage not yet reached the current stage? → Chase due (stage has escalated)chase_stage reached current stage AND last_chased is more than 7 days ago?→ Re-chase at same stage (follow-up within stage is acceptable after 7 days)
Stage 4 (final demand) exception: never auto-send Stage 4 — always present to owner
for approval regardless of APPROVAL_REQUIRED setting or how many days have passed.
Use the template matching the invoice's current stage.
Personalise with actual invoice data — amount, number, due date, days overdue.
Stage 1 — Friendly reminder (1–7 days overdue):
Subject: Payment reminder — {InvoiceNumber} — {BUSINESS_NAME}
Hi {first_name},
I hope you're well. I'm just dropping you a quick note as a friendly
reminder that invoice {InvoiceNumber} for £{AmountDue} was due on
{DueDate}.
If you've already processed this payment, please ignore this message —
it may simply be crossing in the post. If you have any questions about
the invoice, do let me know.
{IF PAYMENT_LINK_ENABLED}
For convenience, you can pay securely online here: {STRIPE_PAYMENT_LINK}
{ENDIF}
Many thanks,
{OWNER_NAME}
{BUSINESS_NAME}
{FROM_EMAIL}
Stage 2 — Follow-up (8–30 days overdue):
Subject: Outstanding payment — {InvoiceNumber} — {BUSINESS_NAME}
Hi {first_name},
I'm following up on my previous message regarding invoice {InvoiceNumber}
for £{AmountDue}, which was due on {DueDate} and is now {days_overdue}
days outstanding.
Could you let me know the expected payment date, or confirm if there
are any issues with the invoice I can help resolve?
{IF PAYMENT_LINK_ENABLED}
You can pay securely online here: {STRIPE_PAYMENT_LINK}
{ENDIF}
I look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards,
{OWNER_NAME}
{BUSINESS_NAME}
{FROM_EMAIL}
Stage 3 — Formal notice (31–60 days overdue):
Subject: Formal payment notice — {InvoiceNumber} — {BUSINESS_NAME}
Dear {first_name},
I am writing to formally notify you that invoice {InvoiceNumber} for
£{AmountDue} remains unpaid. This invoice was due on {DueDate} and is
now {days_overdue} days overdue.
{IF LATE_PAYMENT_INTEREST = true}
Under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998, we
reserve the right to charge statutory interest of 8% above the Bank of
England base rate on overdue commercial debts. We also reserve the right
to claim a fixed debt recovery charge of £{recovery_cost} (applicable to
debts of this size under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Regulations
2013). Should this invoice remain unpaid, we may add these amounts to the
outstanding balance.
{ENDIF}
Please arrange payment within 7 days of this notice. If there is a
dispute regarding this invoice, please contact me immediately so we
can resolve the matter.
{IF PAYMENT_LINK_ENABLED}
Pay online: {STRIPE_PAYMENT_LINK}
{ENDIF}
Yours sincerely,
{OWNER_NAME}
{BUSINESS_NAME}
{FROM_EMAIL}
Stage 4 — Final demand (61+ days overdue):
Subject: FINAL DEMAND — Invoice {InvoiceNumber} — {BUSINESS_NAME}
Dear {first_name},
This is a final demand for payment of invoice {InvoiceNumber} for
£{AmountDue}, now {days_overdue} days overdue.
Despite previous correspondence, this invoice remains unpaid. If
payment is not received within 7 days of this notice, we will have
no alternative but to pursue this debt through formal channels,
which may include:
· Referral to a debt collection agency
· County Court Judgment (CCJ) proceedings
· Statutory demand under the Insolvency Act 1986
{IF LATE_PAYMENT_INTEREST = true}
Please note that the following additional amounts are now claimable
under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 and
the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Regulations 2013:
Statutory interest ({calculated_rate}% per annum): £{interest_amount}
Fixed debt recovery charge: £{recovery_cost}
Total amount now claimable: £{total_claimable}
{ENDIF}
We would strongly prefer to resolve this amicably. Please contact
me immediately on {FROM_EMAIL} if you wish to discuss payment.
{IF PAYMENT_LINK_ENABLED}
Pay now: {STRIPE_PAYMENT_LINK}
{ENDIF}
Yours sincerely,
{OWNER_NAME}
{BUSINESS_NAME}
{FROM_EMAIL}
Statutory interest and recovery cost calculation:
rate = 0.08 + bank_of_england_base_rate (fetch current rate via web search if possible)
daily_rate = rate / 365
interest_amount = AmountDue × daily_rate × days_overdue
recovery_cost = 40 if AmountDue < 1000
recovery_cost = 70 if AmountDue >= 1000 and AmountDue < 10000
recovery_cost = 100 if AmountDue >= 10000
total_claimable = AmountDue + interest_amount + recovery_cost
calculated_rate = (rate × 100) formatted to 2 decimal places (e.g. "13.25")
If Bank of England base rate cannot be fetched, use 4.75% as the conservative
default (search the web for the current rate before sending Stage 3/4 emails —
it changes periodically).
📧 Chase ready — {n} emails
Stage 1 (friendly reminder):
· Patel & Partners INV-0101 £600.00 2 days
To: raj.patel@patelpartners.co.uk
Stage 2 (follow-up):
· Metro Retail Group INV-0097 £2,100.00 12 days
To: accounts@metroretail.co.uk
· Harlow Consulting INV-0098 £640.00 9 days
To: claire.harlow@harlowconsulting.co.uk
Stage 3 (formal notice):
· Blue Wave Agency INV-0094 £1,850.00 38 days ⚠️ Interest: £24.56
To: finance@bluewave.co.uk
· Thornton & Co INV-0091 £750.00 33 days ⚠️ Interest: £8.65
To: accounts@thorntonco.co.uk
Total being chased: £5,940.00
Send all? YES / review each one / skip
If APPROVAL_REQUIRED = false, send immediately and report results.
Use SMTP (same pattern as Customer Support Triage skill).
RFC 2822 format with proper headers:
From: {OWNER_NAME} <{FROM_EMAIL}>
To: {Contact.EmailAddress}
Subject: {stage_subject}
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
{email_body}
If invoice amount ≥ WHATSAPP_CHASE_THRESHOLD AND stage ≥ 3:
Send a WhatsApp message via OpenClaw's configured channel:
💰 Payment chase — {client_name}
Invoice: {InvoiceNumber}
Amount: £{AmountDue}
Overdue: {days_overdue} days
Stage {n} chase email just sent to {email}.
If no response within 48 hours, consider a direct call.
Client phone: {phone_if_available}
After sending each chase:
chase_stage and last_chased in invoice_chase_queuechase_log:{
"invoice_id": "{id}",
"invoice_number": "{number}",
"client": "{name}",
"amount": {AmountDue},
"stage": {n},
"sent_at": "{ISO datetime}",
"channel": "email | email+whatsapp",
"outcome": "sent | skipped | failed"
}
Confirm to owner:
✅ Chase emails sent — {n} invoices
Patel & Partners INV-0101 £600.00 Stage 1 ✅
Metro Retail Group INV-0097 £2,100.00 Stage 2 ✅
Harlow Consulting INV-0098 £640.00 Stage 2 ✅
Blue Wave Agency INV-0094 £1,850.00 Stage 3 ✅ + WhatsApp
Thornton & Co INV-0091 £750.00 Stage 3 ✅ + WhatsApp
Total chased: £5,940.00
Next run: tomorrow (Apex Design Ltd — Stage 4 final demand)
Triggered by: "aged report", "aged debtor report", "how much is outstanding",
"cash flow summary".
Pull from invoice_chase_queue memory. If stale (>4 hours), re-fetch from API first.
📊 Aged Debtor Report — 18 Apr 2026
Total outstanding: £8,340.00 (6 invoices)
Breakdown by age:
Current (not yet due): £0
1–30 days overdue: £3,340.00 40% (3 invoices)
31–60 days overdue: £2,600.00 31% (2 invoices)
60+ days overdue: £2,400.00 29% (1 invoice)
By client:
Apex Design Ltd £2,400.00 74 days 🔴 Final demand
Metro Retail Group £2,100.00 12 days 🟡 Stage 2
Blue Wave Agency £1,850.00 38 days 🟠 Stage 3
Thornton & Co £750.00 33 days 🟠 Stage 3
Harlow Consulting £640.00 9 days 🟡 Stage 2
Patel & Partners £600.00 2 days 🟢 Stage 1
Chase history this month:
Emails sent: 12
Payments received after chase: 3 (£4,200.00)
Avg days to pay after Stage 1: 8 days
Avg days to pay after Stage 2: 14 days
⚠️ Apex Design Ltd has been at Stage 4 for 13 days with no response.
Consider: debt collection referral or CCJ proceedings.
Triggered by: "mark invoice [number] as paid", "invoice [number] has been paid",
or automatically when payment is detected during a sync.
When AmountDue = 0 or Status = "PAID" is found during a fetch, mark as paid
in memory and notify owner:
✅ Payment received — INV-0097
Metro Retail Group paid £2,100.00
Removed from chase queue.
Outstanding balance: £6,240.00
Update the invoice status in memory immediately.
Optionally update the invoice in Xero/QuickBooks:
Xero — mark as paid (use the dedicated Payments endpoint):
PUT https://api.xero.com/api.xro/2.0/Invoices/{InvoiceID}/Payments
Xero-Tenant-Id: {XERO_TENANT_ID}
Authorization: Bearer {XERO_ACCESS_TOKEN}
Content-Type: application/json
{
"Account": { "Code": "{bank_account_code}" },
"Date": "{today_YYYY-MM-DD}",
"Amount": {AmountDue},
"Reference": "Marked paid via OpenClaw"
}
Note: Xero requires a bank account code (e.g. "090" for the default bank account)
to record a payment against a specific account. If the owner hasn't configured one,
update the status in invoice_chase_queue memory only and flag for manual
reconciliation in Xero:
⚠️ Marked as paid in OpenClaw memory.
To reconcile in Xero, please record the payment manually:
Xero Admin → Invoices → {InvoiceNumber} → Add Payment
Triggered by: "add dispute note to [invoice]", "pause chasing [client]",
"[client] is disputing the invoice", "stop chasing [name]".
Update invoice_chase_queue to set disputed = true for the invoice.
Add a note to memory:
{
"invoice_id": "{id}",
"dispute_note": "{owner's description}",
"flagged_at": "{ISO date}"
}
Confirm:
⏸️ Chasing paused — Apex Design Ltd (INV-0089)
Reason: {dispute note}
All automated chases suspended until you resume.
Reply "resume chasing Apex Design" to restart,
or "write off INV-0089" to remove from queue entirely.
If STOP_CHASE_ON_DISPUTE = false, still note the dispute but continue chasing.
Triggered by: "resume chasing [client]"
Sets disputed = false, resets chase to appropriate stage based on current days_overdue.
Triggered by: "write off [invoice]"
Confirm before action — this removes the invoice from all future chasing.
Optionally update Xero/QuickBooks status to VOIDED or write-off account code.
Triggered by: "payment report", "how much have I collected this month",
"chase effectiveness report".
Pull from chase_log memory.
📊 Payment chase report — April 2026
Invoices chased: 18
Payments received: 7 (£12,400.00 collected)
Still outstanding: 11 (£8,340.00)
Collection rate: 60%
By stage effectiveness:
Stage 1 responses: 4 of 6 paid within 5 days (67%)
Stage 2 responses: 2 of 5 paid within 7 days (40%)
Stage 3 responses: 1 of 4 paid within 14 days (25%)
Stage 4 responses: 0 of 3 paid (0%)
⚠️ Stage 4 (final demand) has 0% effectiveness this month.
3 invoices totalling £5,100 may need debt collection referral.
Average days to payment after first chase: 11 days
Fastest paying client: Patel & Partners (3 days after Stage 1)
Slowest: Apex Design Ltd (still unpaid — 74 days)
Configure OpenClaw's heartbeat to check for newly overdue invoices automatically.
Recommended schedule:
crossed into a new chase stage overnight
In HEARTBEAT.md add:
- Check invoice chase queue. Fetch latest from Xero/QuickBooks.
- If any invoices have become newly overdue or crossed a stage threshold, notify me.
- If APPROVAL_REQUIRED = true, show me the draft chases for approval before sending.
- If APPROVAL_REQUIRED = false, send due chases automatically and summarise.
- Always notify me if a Stage 4 (final demand) invoice has had no response in 7 days.
- Notify me immediately if any previously overdue invoice shows payment received.
Payment received alert (highest priority heartbeat message):
✅ Payment received! — {client_name}
Invoice: {InvoiceNumber}
Amount: £{amount} (was {days_overdue} days overdue)
Outstanding balance reduced to: £{new_total}
Apply throughout. Never suggest ignoring these rights.
| Law | What it provides | When it applies |
|---|---|---|
| ----- | ----------------- | ---------------- |
| Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 | 8% + BoE base rate interest on overdue B2B invoices | Business-to-business transactions only |
| Late Payment of Commercial Debts Regulations 2013 | Fixed debt recovery costs (£40 for debts <£1,000; £70 for £1,000–£9,999; £100 for £10,000+) | B2B only |
| Consumer Rights Act 2015 | Different rules for B2C | Business-to-consumer only |
Fixed debt recovery costs — can be claimed in addition to the invoice amount:
These can be mentioned in Stage 3/4 emails to increase urgency. The skill will
calculate and include them when LATE_PAYMENT_INTEREST = true.
Important caveats:
(individual, not a business), different rules apply.
proper legal advice.
| Error | Cause | Action |
|---|---|---|
| ------- | ------- | -------- |
| Xero 401 | Access token expired | Auto-refresh using refresh token |
| Xero 403 | Wrong tenant ID or insufficient scope | Ask user to re-check Xero app permissions |
| Xero 429 | Rate limit (60 calls/minute) | Wait 60s, retry |
| QB 401 | Access token expired | Auto-refresh using refresh token |
| QB 429 | Rate limit | Wait 60s, retry |
| SMTP send failed | Wrong credentials or port | Verify app password, check SMTP settings |
| Invoice not found | ID mismatch or deleted | Re-fetch full list, update memory |
| Payment recorded but invoice still shows overdue | Sync delay | Re-fetch individual invoice after 5 minutes |
Required Xero API scopes (set in Xero app):
accounting.transactions — read and update invoicesaccounting.contacts — read contact detailsaccounting.settings — read bank account codes (for marking paid)Required QuickBooks API scopes:
com.intuit.quickbooks.accounting — full accounting accessStore and maintain:
invoice_chase_queue: current list of all overdue invoices with chase statuschase_log: log of every chase sent — used for effectiveness reportsinvoice_config: all configuration valuesdispute_notes: map of invoice ID → dispute description and datepayment_log: record of payments received during monitoring — used to show"collected this month" figures even if Xero/QuickBooks data is cleared
Update invoice_chase_queue on every Workflow A run.
Prune chase_log entries older than 12 months.
Never prune payment_log — payment history is valuable long-term.
without approval regardless of APPROVAL_REQUIRED setting
suggest next action
the next working day instead
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